The Real Game of Thrones Starring Cardinal Richelieu

In this Ignite Talk, John Troyer delves into the historical figure of Cardinal Richelieu, often depicted as a villain in popular culture, particularly in Alexander Dumas’ “The Three Musketeers.” Troyer argues that Richelieu, who served as the de facto Prime Minister of France in the 17th century, was a complex character who took drastic measures to stabilize a country plagued by religious wars, noble rebellions, and external conflicts. Despite his ruthless tactics, including dismantling noble castles and suppressing Protestant political power, Richelieu also made significant contributions to French culture and governance, such as supporting the arts, establishing the first theater and weekly newspaper, and expanding French influence in the New World. Troyer concludes that while Richelieu’s methods were harsh, they were necessary for the survival and eventual flourishing of France, making him a hero rather than a villain.